Ion Chromatography (IC) is a specialized type of liquid chromatography used to separate and measure ions and polar molecules in a solution. It works by passing a liquid sample through a column containing a stationary phase that selectively retains ions based on their charge. A conductivity detector or other selective detector then measures the separated ions as they exit the column. IC is especially valuable for analyzing anions and cations such as fluoride, chloride, nitrate, sulfate, sodium, potassium, and calcium. Because of its accuracy and sensitivity, ion chromatography is widely used in environmental monitoring of water and soil, food and beverage testing, pharmaceuticals, power plants, and chemical manufacturing. It is considered one of the most reliable methods for detecting trace levels of ionic contaminants and ensuring compliance with quality and safety standards.